WASHINGTON — The Justice Department is rescinding its protocol for federal executions that allowed for single-drug lethal injections with pentobarbital, after a government review raised concerns about the potential for ''unnecessary pain and suffering.''
Attorney General Merrick Garland's order to withdraw the lethal injection policy comes days before President-elect Donald Trump, who is expected to restart federal executions, is set to return to the White House. Trump's Justice Department could reinstate the protocol to use pentobarbital as a single drug to carry out executions.
A moratorium on federal executions has been in place since 2021, and only three defendants remain on federal death row after Democratic President Joe Biden converted 37 of their sentences to life in prison.
The governments' findings about the potential risks of unnecessary pain could have broader implications. Legal challenges have been brought in several states where pentobarbital is the primary method of execution, potentially leading to reviews of execution protocols nationwide.
The department's review of scientific and medical research found there remains ''significant uncertainty about whether the use of pentobarbital as a single drug lethal injection causes unnecessary pain and suffering," according to a report published Wednesday.
''In the face of such uncertainty, the Department should err on the side of treating individuals humanely and avoiding unnecessary pain and suffering,'' Garland wrote in his memo ordering the director of the Bureau of Prisons to rescind the protocol. Garland said it should not be reinstated ''unless and until that uncertainty is resolved."
The report from the Justice Department's Office of Legal Policy noted that the Food and Drug Administration "has not reviewed or approved of the use of pentobarbital in high doses or for the purpose of causing death.''
The pentobarbital protocol was adopted by Bill Barr, attorney general during Trump's first term, to replace a three-drug mix used in the 2000s, the last time federal executions were carried out before Trump was in office. The Trump administration carried out 13 federal executions, more than under any president in modern history.